Symantec announced that Symantec Security Response in conjunction with the Indiana University School of Informatics has uncovered a significant new security threat. In this attack, dubbed "Drive-by Pharming," consumers may fall victim to pharming by having their home broadband routers reconfigured by a malicious web site. According to a separate informal study conducted by Indiana University, up to 50 percent of home broadband users are susceptible to this attack.
With traditional pharming, an attacker aims to redirect a user attempting to visit one web site, to another bogus web site. Pharming can be conducted either by changing the host file on a victim's computer or through the manipulation of the Domain Name System (DNS). Drive-by pharming is a new type of threat in which a user visits a malicious web site and an attacker is then able to change the DNS settings on a user's broadband router or wireless access point. DNS servers are computers responsible for resolving Internet names into their real "Internet Protocol" or IP addresses, functioning as the "signposts" of the Internet. In order for two computers to connect to each other on the Internet, they need to know each other's IP addresses. Drive-by pharming is made possible when a broadband router is not password protected or an attacker is able to guess the password -- for example, most routers come with a well-known default password that a user never changes.
Drive-by pharming involves the use of JavaScript to change the settings of a user's home broadband router. Once the user clicks on a malicious link, malicious JavaScript code is used to change the DNS settings on the user's router. From this point on, every time the user browses to a web site, DNS resolution will be performed by the attacker. DNS resolution is the process by which one determines the Internet address corresponding to a web site's common name. This gives the attacker complete discretion over which web sites the victim visits on the Internet. For example, the user may think they are visiting their online banking web site but in reality they have been redirected to the attacker's site.
These fraudulent sites are an almost exact replica of the actual site so the user will likely not recognize the difference. Once the user is directed to the pharmer's "bank" site, and enters their user name and password, the attacker can steal this information. The attacker will then be able to access the victim's account on the "real" bank site and transfer funds, create new accounts, and write checks.
Symantec Security Response recommends that users employ a multi-layered protection strategy:
- Make sure their routers are uniquely password protected. Most routers come with a default administrator password which is easy for pharmers to guess
- Use an Internet security solution that combines antivirus, firewall, intrusion detection, and vulnerability protection
- Avoid clicking on links that seem suspicious - for example, those sent to you in an email from someone you don't recognize
Existing security solutions on the market today cannot protect against this type of attack since drive-by pharming targets the user's router directly, and the existing solutions only protect the user's computer system. Symantec's Consumer Business Unit has been actively working on technologies to help address this problem using client-side technology. Symantec's goal is to develop the means to automatically impede the attack by using a number of embedded techniques running on the client, embedded in the network stack, and in the browser.
